Directory | Description |
---|
bin | Essential command binaries |
boot | Static files of the boot loader |
dev | Device files |
etc | Host-specific system configuration |
lib | Essential shared libraries and kernel modules |
media | Mount point for removeable media |
mnt | Mount point for mounting a filesystem temporarily |
opt | Add-on application software packages |
sbin | Essential system binaries |
srv | Data for services provided by this system |
tmp | Temporary files |
usr | Secondary hierarchy |
var | Variable data |
1. bin
/bin contains commands that may be used by both the system administrator and by users, but which are required when no other filesystems are mounted (e.g. in single user mode). It may also contain commands which are used indirectly by scripts.
2. boot
/boot This directory contains everything required for the boot process except configuration files not needed at boot time and the map installer. Thus /boot stores data that is used before the kernel begins executing user-mode programs. This may include saved master boot sectors and sector map files.
3. dev
The /dev directory is the location of special or device files.
Devices treated like files to read and write it
Example:
- /dev/cdrom
- /dev/hda for first hard driver IDE
If it is possible that devices in /dev will need to be manually created, /dev must contain a command named MAKEDEV, which can create devices as needed. It may also contain a MAKEDEV.local for any local devices.
If required, MAKEDEV must have provisions for creating any device that may be found on the system, not just those that a particular implementation installs.
4. etc
The /etc hierarchy contains configuration files. A “configuration file” is a local file used to control the operation of a program; it must be static and cannot be an executable binary.
It can be edited by hand : ex:
No binaries may be located under /etc.
The following directories, or symbolic links to directories are required in /etc:
Directory | Description |
---|
opt | Configuration for /opt |
X11 | Configuration for the X Window system (optional) |
sgml | Configuration for SGML (optional) |
xml | Configuration for XML (optional) |